Learning notes
发布于 2026/8/31
这是一篇面向英语初学者的 VOA Let's Learn English Level 1 Lesson 4 学习指南。本课通过 Anna 在包里找笔的场景，练习 Do you have ...?、I have ...、It is ...、It is not ...，并学习如何用简单的英语辨认日常物品。
Anna、Marsha 和 Pete 准备一起喝咖啡。Marsha 想借一支笔，Anna 确信自己的包里有笔，却接连拿出书、玩具、枕头、地图和台灯。朋友们不断问她拿出的是什么，最后 Anna 终于找到了笔。
本课适合重点掌握：
Do you have a pen?I have a pen in my bag.It is ... 辨认单数物品。It is not ... 否定并纠正错误猜测。a：a pen、a book、a lamp。建议先听一遍 Conversation，注意 Marsha 借什么、Anna 先后拿出了哪些物品，再回到课程页逐句跟读和复习。
可以按下面的顺序复述本课：
It is not ... 纠正 Anna 的错误猜测。可以先用三句话复述：
Marsha asks Anna for a pen.
Anna finds many things in her bag.
Anna finally finds the pen.Do you have ...?：询问是否拥有Do you have + 名词？ 用来询问对方有没有某件东西：
Do you have a pen?
Do you have a map?
Do you have a phone?肯定回答可以说：
Yes, I do.
Yes. I have a pen in my bag.否定回答可以说：
No, I do not.
No, I do not have a pen.这里的 do 是一般现在时疑问句的助动词，真正表示“拥有”的动词是 have。不要说 Are you have a pen?。
I have ...：表达拥有I have + 名词 表示“我有……”：
I have a pen.
I have a book in my bag.
I have a phone on my desk.如果名词是单数可数名词，通常需要在前面加 a 或 an。因此要说 I have a pen.，不能说 I have pen.
It is ...：辨认单数物品看到或猜测一个单数物品是什么，可以使用 It is + 名词：
It is a book.
It is a toy.
It is a lamp.it 在这里指代前面提到的那件物品。因为 it 是第三人称单数，后面使用 is，不能使用 are：It is a map.
It is not ...：否定和纠正要说“它不是……”，把 not 放在 is 后面：
It is not a pen. It is a book.
It is not a map. It is a lamp.这是一种很实用的“否定 + 纠正”结构。先指出猜测不对，再给出正确答案：
Is it a phone?
No, it is not a phone. It is a map.注意 It is not 不能写成 It not is，也不能漏掉 is。
a 和单数可数名词pen、book、map、lamp 等都是单数可数名词。第一次提到其中一个时，前面通常要使用 a：
a pen
a book
a toy
a map
a lamp常见错误是把冠词漏掉：
I have pen. ×
It is book. ×
I have a pen. ✓
It is a book. ✓如果名词以元音音素开头，通常使用 an，例如 an apple。本课的重点名词大多使用 a。
| 词汇 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| bag | 包；袋子 | I have a pen in my bag. |
| big | 大的 | It is a big book. |
| book | 书 | It is not a pen. It is a book. |
| coffee | 咖啡 | Let's get coffee! |
| lamp | 灯；台灯 | Now you have a lamp. |
| little | 小的；少量的 | I learn a little every day. |
| map | 地图 | It is a map of the world. |
| pen | 笔 | Do you have a pen? |
| pillow | 枕头 | It is a pillow. |
| toy | 玩具 | Is it a toy? |
| world | 世界 | It is a map of the world. |
物品名词可以直接替换到同一个句型中：I have a book.、I have a toy.、I have a map. 先熟悉句型，再扩大词汇，比一次记很多孤立单词更容易应用。
建议按“猜测—确认—纠正”的顺序练习：
Do you have a pen? 时暂停，先自己回答 Yes, I do. 或 No, I do not.It is a ... 猜测它是什么。It is not ... It is ... 完整纠正，不要只说一个单词。跟读时特别注意 It is 的弱读和 is not 的节奏。句子先说完整，再练习 It's 和 isn't 等缩略形式，不要一开始只模仿很快的语速。
- A. A pen.
- B. A map.
- C. A lamp.
Do you have a pen? - A. A book.
- B. A pen.
- C. A toy.
- A. I am have a pen.
- B. I have a pen.
- C. I have pen.
have 本身可以作谓语，单数可数名词 pen 前要加 a。 - A. It not is a book. It is map.
- B. It is not a book. It is a map.
- C. It is no book. It map.
It is not ...，单数名词前使用 a。 - A. a book big
- B. big a book
- C. a big book
big 放在名词 book 前，冠词放在最前面。可以把“包里找物品”的场景拆成几张小卡片：
Do you have a pen?I have a pen in my bag.It is a book.It is not a pen.Let's get coffee!复习时可以拿身边的三件物品，先藏起来让自己猜，再用完整句子确认。这样 I have ... 和 It is ... 会和真实动作绑定，而不是只停留在翻译层面。
Lesson 4 的核心是一个可反复替换的对话框架：先用 Do you have ...? 提问，再用 I have ... 回答；如果需要辨认物品，就使用 It is ...，猜错时使用 It is not ... It is ... 纠正。
Do you have a phone?
Yes, I have a phone in my bag.
Is it a book?
No, it is not a book. It is a phone.完成听力、跟读和练习后，进入知忆学堂继续使用逐句字幕、发音视频和课后复习功能。